In biochemistry, organic compounds with the general formula CH3(CH2)nCOOH, where n can vary from 2 to 28, are called fatty acids. These compounds are a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain that exists in saturated and unsaturated forms. Most natural fatty acids have an unbranched chain made of 4 to 28 carbon atoms. These compounds are the main components of lipids in some species; But they are not always found independently in other organisms and exist as three main esters. These compounds usually do not exist in free form in nature and are present in combination with glycerin in the form of triglycerides. The three main categories of esters of these compounds include triglyceride, phospholipid and cholesterol esters.

Fatty acid structure:

These compounds consist of a straight chain containing an even number of carbon atoms, with hydrogen atoms along the chain at one end of the chain and a carboxyl group at the other end.

Preparation method:

These compounds are made in two natural and industrial ways, which we will examine further.

Industrial:

Fatty acid is industrially produced from the hydrolysis of triglycerides with the removal of glycerin. Also, some of them are produced artificially by hydrocarboxylation of alkenes.

Types of fatty acids:

They can be divided according to various factors such as chain length, saturated and unsaturated, carbon content, linear and branched, which we will examine each of its types below.

Applications of fatty acid:

These compounds are present in a wide range of commercial applications in the industry such as the production of food products, soaps, detergents and cosmetics. They mainly use them to produce soap for cosmetic purposes and so on. These compounds, after being converted into fatty alcohols and fatty amines, act as precursors of surfactants, detergents and lubricants. They are also used as emulsifiers, moisturizers, anti-foam agents or stabilizers. These compounds are present in some skin care products that help maintain the healthy appearance and function of the skin. On the other hand, these compounds, especially omega-3, are used as food supplements.

Soap, the main use of fatty acid

You can find these compounds in hand and face soaps, bar soaps, shampoos, lotions, creams, laundry detergents, and cleaning powders.

Conclusion:

Fatty acid is a group of compounds that are used as the skeleton and configuration of consumer products. In general, it can be divided into two categories, saturated and unsaturated, and used in a wide range of industries. The main use of this compound is as soap for cosmetic purposes and so on.